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タイトル: Towards GADRI Objectives of Achieving a Sustainable and Resilient Society Against Disasters著者: SCAWTHORN, Charles記述: 6th Global Summit of GADRI; Panel Discussion I-A; Chair: Charles SCAWTHORN, Univ. California at Berkeley; Co-chair: Ritsuko YAMAZAKI-HONDA, NIED

タイトル: Draft structure for Collection of World Disaster Research Databases Global Disaster Researcher Directory著者: Goto, Hiroyuki記述: 5th Open Discussion Forum of GADRI 2024/3/12

タイトル: Hebb repetition effects in complex and simple span tasks are based on the same learning mechanism.著者: Araya, Claudia; Oberauer, Klaus; Saito, Satoru抄録: The Hebb repetition effect shows improvement in serial recall of repeated lists compared to random nonrepeated lists. Previous research using simple span tasks found that the Hebb repetition effect is limited to constant uninterrupted lists, suggesting chunking as the mechanism of list learning. However, the Hebb repetition effect has been found in complex span tasks, which challenges the chunking explanation, as successive list items are separated by distractor processing, possibly interfering with the unified representations. We tested the possibility that Hebb repetition learning arises from chunking in simple span, but from position–item associations in complex span. In a series of five experiments, we found evidence that contradicts that hypothesis. Results show that (a) Hebb repetition learning in a complex ...

タイトル: Metabarcoding analysis provides insight into the link between prey and plant intake in a large alpine cat carnivore, the snow leopard著者: Yoshimura, Hiroto; Hayakawa, Takashi; Kikuchi, Dale M.; Zhumabai Uulu, Kubanychbek; Qi, Huiyuan; Sugimoto, Taro; Sharma, Koustubh; Kinoshita, Kodzue抄録: Species of the family Felidae are thought to be obligate carnivores. However, detection of plants in their faeces raises questions about the role of plants in their diet. This is particularly true for the snow leopard (Panthera uncia). Our study aimed to comprehensively identify the prey and plants consumed by snow leopards. We applied DNA metabarcoding methods on 90 faecal samples of snow leopards collected in Kyrgyzstan, employing one vertebrate and four plant markers. We found that argali (Ovis ammon) was detected only from male snow leopards. Myricaraia sp. was the most consumed among 77 plant operational taxonomic units found in snow leopard samples. It frequently appeared in ...

タイトル: 稠密重力観測に基づく桜島火山における真のマグマ質量供給量の把握著者: 風間, 卓仁抄録: 本研究は桜島火山に供給されているマグマ質量を定量的に把握するため、桜島火山で重力測定を実施し、かつ重力測定に関わる諸問題の解決に取り組んだ。南岳火口からの噴火が活発であった1975年～1992年には、桜島中央部で+15µGal/yrもの大きな重力増加が観測されていた。本研究はこの時期の水準・重力データを解析したところ、1975年～1992年には桜島直下浅部で媒質変形を伴わずに+4.5×10¹⁰kg/yrの質量増加が生じていたことが分かった。この質量増加は、脱ガスによって密度増加・体積減少したマグマが浅部マグマだまりに蓄積し、かつ地下深部から浅部マグマだまりに新鮮なマグマが供給されることによって説明できる。また、本研究 ...

タイトル: Small multimodal thermometry with detonation-created multi-color centers in detonation nanodiamond著者: So, Frederick T.-K.; Hariki, Nene; Nemoto, Masaya; Shames, Alexander I.; Liu, Ming; Tsurui, Akihiko; Yoshikawa, Taro; Makino, Yuto; Ohori, Masanao; Fujiwara, Masanori; Herbschleb, Ernst David; Morioka, Naoya; Ohki, Izuru; Shirakawa, Masahiro; Igarashi, Ryuji; Nishikawa, Masahiro; Mizuochi, Norikazu抄録: Detonation nanodiamond (DND) is the smallest class of diamond nanocrystal capable of hosting various color centers with a size akin to molecular pores. Their negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center (NV⁻) is a versatile tool for sensing a wide range of physical and even chemical parameters at the nanoscale. The NV⁻ is, therefore, attracting interest as the smallest quantum sensor in biological research. Nonetheless, recent NV⁻ enhancement in DND has yet to yield sufficient fluorescence per particle, leading to efforts to incorporate other group-IV color cente ...

タイトル: Steroids-producing nodules: a two-layered adrenocortical nodular structure as a precursor lesion of cortisol-producing adenoma著者: Fukumoto, Tazuru; Umakoshi, Hironobu; Iwahashi, Norifusa; Ogasawara, Tatsuki; Yokomoto-Umakoshi, Maki; Kaneko, Hiroki; Fujita, Masamichi; Uchida, Naohiro; Nakao, Hiroshi; Kawamura, Namiko; Matsuda, Yayoi; Sakamoto, Ryuichi; Miyazawa, Takashi; Seki, Masahide; Eto, Masatoshi; Oda, Yoshinao; Suzuki, Yutaka; Ogawa, Seishi; Ogawa, Yoshihiro抄録: Background: The human adrenal cortex consists of three functionally and structurally distinct layers; zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata (zF), and zona reticularis (zR), and produces adrenal steroid hormones in a layer-specific manner; aldosterone, cortisol, and adrenal androgens, respectively. Cortisol-producing adenomas (CPAs) occur mostly as a result of somatic mutations associated with the protein kinase A pathway. However, how CPAs develop after adrenocortical cells acquire genetic mutations, rema ...

タイトル: The Anabelian Geometry of Configuration Spaces of Hyperbolic Curves in Positive Characteristic著者: HOSHI, Yuichiro; SAWADA, Koichiro; TSUJIMURA, Shota抄録: In the present paper, we prove the anabelian Grothendieck conjecture for the tame fundamental groups of the configuration spaces associated to hyperbolic curves over [the perfections of] finitely generated fields of positive characteristic. The main theorem of the present paper generalizes the classical anabelian results for hyperbolic curves in positive characteristic established by A. Tamagawa, S. Mochizuki, and J. Stix. The main theorem of the present paper may also be regarded as the first anabelian Grothendieck conjecture-type result for algebraic varieties in positive characteristic of higher dimension [i.e., of dimension greater than one]. In the process of the proof of the main theorem, we prove a certain exactness of homotopy sequences for the tame fundamental groups with respect to suitable morphisms bet ...

タイトル: Profile of miRNAs in small extracellular vesicles released from glioblastoma cells treated by boron neutron capture therapy著者: Kondo, Natsuko; Kinouchi, Tadatoshi; Natsumeda, Manabu; Matsuzaki, Juntaro; Hirata, Eishu; Sakurai, Yoshinori; Okada, Masayasu; Suzuki, Minoru抄録: Purpose: Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a tumor cell-selective particle-radiation therapy. In BNCT, administered p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) is selectively taken up by tumor cells, and the tumor is irradiated with thermal neutrons. High-LET α-particles and recoil ⁷Li, which have a path length of 5–9 μm, are generated by the capture reaction between ¹⁰B and thermal neutrons and selectively kill tumor cells that have uptaken ¹⁰B. Although BNCT has prolonged the survival time of malignant glioma patients, recurrences are still to be resolved. miRNAs, that are encapsulated in small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in body fluids and exist stably may serve critical role in recurrence ...

タイトル: The unique contribution of handwriting accuracy to literacy skills in Japanese adolescents著者: Otsuka, Sadao; Murai, Toshiya抄録: There is widespread concern about declining literacy skills in recent young Japanese. The present study investigated how higher-level reading and writing proficiencies are underpinned by basic literacy skills in Japanese adolescents. From a large database of the most popular literacy exams in Japan, we retrospectively analyzed word- and text-level data for middle and high school students who had taken the exams during the same period in the 2019 academic year using structural equation modeling. We extracted main data for 161 students as well as six independent datasets for validation. Our results validated the three-dimensional view of word-level literacy (reading accuracy, writing accuracy, and semantic comprehension) and demonstrated that writing and semantic skills underpinned text writing and reading, respectively. The semantic compreh ...