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タイトル: Practical dynamic reliability analysis with spatiotemporal features in geotechnical engineering著者: Otake, Yu; Shigeno, Kyohei; Higo, Yosuke; Muramatsu, Shogo抄録: In recent years, improvements to the design of earth structures to ensure soil robustness against accidental disaster load conditions has gained considerable importance. In this paper, we propose a practical reliability analysis scheme that can enable the development of a robust design based on dimensionality reduction; this scheme employs input parameters, and it uses numerical analysis results as multidimensional information while preserving the spatiotemporal information to the maximum extent. Further, the proposed design scheme has practical design functions similar to those of conventional reliability analysis methods, such as the first-order second-moment method and first-order reliability method. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme and its significant contribution to the practic ...

タイトル: Promotive or suppressive effects of ultrafine bubbles on crop growth depended on bubble concentration and crop species著者: Iijima, Morio; Yamashita, Kaito; Hirooka, Yoshihiro; Ueda, Yoshikatsu; Yamane, Koji; Kamimura, Chikashi抄録: Previous research into the effects of ultrafine bubbles (UFB) on plant growth have been contradictory. To facilitate the resolution of these contradictions, the aim of the present study was to clarify the interspecific differences in growth responses among cereal/leguminous species under different levels of UFB concentrations. Seedlings of six species were grown hydroponically with three different UFB concentrations and two levels of plant nutrition to evaluate biomass and elongation growth. UFB growth promotion under zero-nutrition occurred in all species. Interspecific differences were noted in response to differing UFB concentration levels. Rice and soybean had higher above-ground biomass production at both low and high concentrations. ...

タイトル: 腐食環境下で機能維持可能なメタボリズムRC柱構造の開発著者: 上田, 知弥; 植村, 佳大; 高橋, 良和抄録: 現行の維持管理方策では，腐食が重度な場合，鉄筋の取替を含む大規模更新を行う．一方で，柱では支保工の設置等が必要となり容易には実施できない．そこで本研究では，軸力支持下での腐食鉄筋取替を容易にすることで，腐食環境下で構造物の機能維持を可能とするRC柱の開発を目指す．提案構造は，腐食を許容し腐食ひび割れ顕在時に取替が可能な可換部と，可換部取替時に軸力を支持する永続部からなり，供用しながら腐食鉄筋の取替が可能である．軸力支持下での取替実験及び正負交番載荷実験の結果，腐食の有無に依らず軸力支持下で鉄筋取替ができ，取替が復元力特性に影響を与えないことを確認した．また，取 ...

タイトル: ヒトの問題解決能力の有無に基づくウマの選好注視著者: 杉元, 拓斗; 平田, 聡抄録: The ability to recognize and evaluate others is considered to be an important ability in selecting cooperative partners. There have been some studies on this ability in both humans and nonhuman animals, however, little empirical research has been conducted to examine how horses perceive humans. Here, we investigated whether horses can evaluate the problem-solving ability of humans in an unsolvable task. We showed horses a pair of two experimenters, one who can open the lid of a container (problem solver) and the other who cannot open the lid of the container (problem nonsolver), trying to open the lid of the container either with or without food in it. Gaze duration toward each experimenter was recorded and used as a proxy measurement of the attention of the horses. Horses watched the problem solver longer than the problem nonsolver in the food condition. They a ...

タイトル: 都島梨紗著『非行からの「立ち直り」とは何か--少年院教育と非行経験者の語りから』著者: 岡邊, 健記述: 都島梨紗著: 晃洋書房，2021年

タイトル: Ultrasonic characterization of alumina/silicone-rubber composites for acoustical applications著者: Biwa, Shiro; Iwasaki, Hideyasu抄録: Silicone rubber has been used commonly as a material for an acoustic lens in medical ultrasonic probes. In order to achieve the desired properties for an acoustic lens, i.e., acoustic impedance close that of, and wave velocity lower than that of, human body, different materials have been considered as fillers or dopants to be dispersed in silicone rubber. A micromechanics-based analysis has revealed that silicone-rubber composites can have the desired acoustical properties with a certainamount of dispersed alumina particles. In this study, the ultrasonic wave propagation characteristics of alumina-particle-dispersed silicone-rubber composites fabricated with different particle concentrations and average particle radii were investigated experimentally. Namely, the velocity and attenuation coefficient of longitudinal wave in the alumina/ ...

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