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タイトル: 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科附属放射線生物研究センター年報 2023著者: 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科附属放射線生物研究センター

タイトル: Human gut-associated Bifidobacterium species salvage exogenous indole, a uremic toxin precursor, to synthesize indole-3-lactic acid via tryptophan著者: Yong, Cheng Chung; Sakurai, Takuma; Kaneko, Hiroki; Horigome, Ayako; Mitsuyama, Eri; Nakajima, Aruto; Katoh, Toshihiko; Sakanaka, Mikiyasu; Abe, Takaaki; Xiao, Jin-Zhong; Tanaka, Miyuki; Odamaki, Toshitaka; Katayama, Takane抄録: Indole in the gut is formed from dietary tryptophan by a bacterial tryptophan-indole lyase. Indole not only triggers biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in gut microbes but also contributes to the progression of kidney dysfunction after absorption by the intestine and sulfation in the liver. As tryptophan is an essential amino acid for humans, these events seem inevitable. Despite this, we show in a proof-of-concept study that exogenous indole can be converted to an immunomodulatory tryptophan metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), by a previously unknown microbial metabolic pathway th ...

タイトル: The demand potential of shared autonomous vehicles: a large-scale simulation using mobility survey data著者: Iacobucci, Riccardo; Donhauser, Jonas; Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk; Pruckner, Marco抄録: Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAV), or robotaxis, are expected to be commercially available within this decade. This new transport mode has the potential to revolutionize travel, offering a level of service comparable to traditional taxis with much lower prices. This may attract travelers currently using other modes, impacting the economic sustainability of public transport as well as car ownership levels. We investigate this potential demand using a scalable SAV simulation framework. We do not establish a future equilibrium considering the interaction between all users on a detailed road network, but establish the potential demand for a large metropolitan area. Travelers can choose between their current mode and the new SAV mode, with fare and waiting times which depend on real-tim ...

タイトル: Are longitudinal changes in sleep patterns associated with future cardiovascular disease risk?著者: Furihata, Ryuji

タイトル: Three-Layer Electrorefining of Molten Zinc Held on Porous Carbon or Silica Sheets in Molten LiCl–KCl–ZnCl₂著者: Yasuda, Kouji; Yamada, Shoya; Uda, Tetsuya抄録: We investigated a three-layer electrolysis process utilizing porous holding materials with poor wettability to molten metal, which enables to establish a three-layer configuration of metal(l)/electrolyte(l)/metal(l) by holding metals above the electrolyte regardless of their densities. In this study, porous carbon or silica sheets were used as the holding materials for electrorefining experiments of Zn metal in molten LiCl–KCl–ZnCl₂ at 723 K. Three types of experiments were carried out focusing on anodic polarization, electrorefining with cathodic carbon, and three-layer electrolysis using liquid Zn as cathode. The concentration of impurity elements in the Zn was reduced by a factor of 8 to 200 in this experimental condition, highlighting the purification effectiveness of the method. From the result ...

タイトル: Logic Locking over TFHE for Securing User Data and Algorithms著者: Suemitsu, Kohei; Matsuoka, Kotaro; Sato, Takashi; Hashimoto, Masanori抄録: This paper proposes the application of logic locking over TFHE to protect both user data and algorithms, such as input user data and models in machine learning inference applications. With the proposed secure computation protocol algorithm evaluation can be performed distributively on honest-but-curious user computers while keeping the algorithm secure. To achieve this, we combine conventional logic locking for untrusted foundries with TFHE to enable secure computation. By encrypting the logic locking key using TFHE, the key is secured with the degree of TFHE. We implemented the proposed secure protocols for combinational logic neural networks and decision trees using LUT-based obfuscation. Regarding the security analysis, we subjected them to the SAT attack and evaluated their resistance based on the execution time. We successf ...

タイトル: A de novo dominant-negative variant is associated with OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome著者: Takeda, Yukiko; Ueki, Masahiro; Matsuhiro, Junpei; Walinda, Erik; Tanaka, Takayuki; Yamada, Masafumi; Fujita, Hiroaki; Takezaki, Shunichiro; Kobayashi, Ichiro; Tamaki, Sakura; Nagata, Sanae; Miyake, Noriko; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Osawa, Mitsujiro; Yasumi, Takahiro; Heike, Toshio; Ohtake, Fumiaki; Saito, Megumu K.; Toguchida, Junya; Takita, Junko; Ariga, Tadashi; Iwai, Kazuhiro抄録: OTULIN-related autoinflammatory syndrome (ORAS), a severe autoinflammatory disease, is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants of OTULIN, a linear ubiquitin-specific deubiquitinating enzyme. Loss of OTULIN attenuates linear ubiquitination by inhibiting the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). Here, we report a patient who harbors two rare heterozygous variants of OTULIN (p.P152L and p.R306Q). We demonstrated accumulation of linear ubiquitin chains upon TNF stimulation and augmented ...

タイトル: An isoflavone catabolism gene cluster underlying interkingdom interactions in the soybean rhizosphere著者: Aoki, Noritaka; Shimasaki, Tomohisa; Yazaki, Wataru; Sato, Tomoaki; Nakayasu, Masaru; Ando, Akinori; Kishino, Shigenobu; Ogawa, Jun; Masuda, Sachiko; Shibata, Arisa; Shirasu, Ken; Yazaki, Kazufumi; Sugiyama, Akifumi抄録: Plant roots secrete various metabolites, including plant specialized metabolites, into the rhizosphere, and shape the rhizosphere microbiome, which is crucial for the plant health and growth. Isoflavones are major plant specialized metabolites found in legume plants, and are involved in interactions with soil microorganisms as initiation signals in rhizobial symbiosis and as modulators of the legume root microbiota. However, it remains largely unknown the molecular basis underlying the isoflavone-mediated interkingdom interactions in the legume rhizosphere. Here, we isolated Variovorax sp. strain V35, a member of the Comamonadaceae that harbors i ...

タイトル: Algorithmic group formation and group work evaluation in a learning analytics-enhanced environment: implementation study in a Japanese junior high school著者: Liang, Changhao; Majumdar, Rwitajit; Nakamizo, Yuta; Flanagan, Brendan; Ogata, Hiroaki抄録: In-class group work activities are found to promote the interpersonal skills of learners. To support the teachers in facilitating such activities, we designed a learning analytics-enhanced technology framework, Group Learning Orchestration Based on Evidence (GLOBE) using data-driven approaches. In this study, we implemented the algorithmic group formation and group work evaluation systems in a Japanese junior high school context. Data from a series of 12 collaborative learning activities were used to validate the difference in the measured heterogeneity of the formed homogeneous and heterogeneous groups compared to random grouping. Further, the peer rating and self-perception of the group work were compared for comparativ ...

タイトル: Waveform-domain Speech Enhancement Using Spectrogram Encoding for Robust Speech Recognition著者: Shi, Hao; Mimura, Masato; Kawahara, Tatsuya抄録: While waveform-domain speech enhancement (SE) has been extensively investigated in recent years and achieves state-of-the-art performance in many datasets, spectrogram-based SE tends to show robust and stable enhancement behavior. In this paper, we propose a waveform-spectrogram hybrid method (WaveSpecEnc) to improve the robustness of waveform-domain SE. WaveSpecEnc refines the corresponding temporal feature map by spectrogram encoding in each encoder layer. Incorporating spectral information provides robust human hearing experience performance. However, it has a minor automatic speech recognition (ASR) improvement. Thus, we improve it for robust ASR by further utilizing spectrogram encoding information (WaveSpecEnc+) to both the SE front-end and ASR back-end. Experimental results using the CHiME-4 dataset show that ASR perf ...