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タイトル: Herding mechanisms to maintain the cohesion of a harem group: two interaction phases during herding著者: Ringhofer, Monamie; Go, Clark Kendrick; Inoue, Sota; Mendonça, Renata S.; Hirata, Satoshi; Kubo, Takatomi; Ikeda, Kazushi; Yamamoto, Shinya抄録: In animal groups, individual interactions achieve coordinated movements to maintain cohesion. In horse harem groups, herding is a behavior in which males chase females from behind; it is considered to assist with group cohesiveness. However, the mechanisms by which the individuals move to maintain group cohesion are unknown. We applied novel non-invasive methods of drone filming and video tracking to observe horse movements in the field with high temporal and spatial resolution. We tracked all group members and drew trajectories. We analyzed the movements of females and found two phases of interactions based on their timing of movement initiation. The females that moved first were those nearest to the herding male, while ...

タイトル: Ruddlesden-Popper phases of lithium-hydroxide-halide antiperovskites: two dimensional Li-ion conductors著者: Koedtruad, Anucha; Amano Patino, Midori; Chuang, Yu-Chun; Chen, Wei-Tin; Kan, Daisuke; Shimakawa, Yuichi抄録: Lithium-oxide-halide and lithium-hydroxide-halide antiperovskites were explored for potential electrolytes in all-solid Li-ion batteries. A single-phase sample of the Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) series of compounds, LiBr(Li₂OHBr)₂ with double antiperovskite Li₂OHBr layers and rigid rock-salt type LiBr layers, was obtained. Li⁺-ion vacancies are introduced in the double antiperovskite Li₂OHBr layers but not in the LiBr layers and induce two-dimensional Li-ion conduction with low activation energy by mediating Li-ion hopping. In contrast to the Br-containing RP phase, Cl-containing Li-oxide-halide and Li-hydroxide-halide RP phases cannot be crystallized due to the structural mismatch between the antiperovskite layers and rigid LiCl layers.

タイトル: On approximations of EASY%Ro solutions to estimate maximum temperature from vitrinite reflectance著者: Kaneki, Shunya; Noda, Hiroyuki抄録: Vitrinite reflectance Rₒ is commonly used as a paleotemperature proxy for rocks. Among various models used to reconstruct paleothermal histories, EASY%Rₒ, a set of ordinary differential equations to describe the maturation of vitrinite, has been widely used since 1990. Approximations of EASY%Rₒ solutions employing specific paleothermal histories have been used in the field of structural geology to estimate maximum paleotemperatures Tₘₐₓ. However, comparisons of those approximations with results obtained with EASY%Rₒ have not been reported in scientific literatures, and the errors on the approximations and the limitations of their use to determine Tₘₐₓ remain undocumented. Here, we performed such comparisons and found that the use of those approximations can lead to considerable deviations from the results obtain ...

タイトル: Evaluating intraspecific genetic diversity using environmental DNA and denoising approach: A case study using tank water著者: Tsuji, Satsuki; Miya, Masaki; Ushio, Masayuki; Sato, Hirotoshi; Minamoto, Toshifumi; Yamanaka, Hiroki抄録: Recent advances in environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) provide a noninvasive way to evaluate the intraspecific genetic diversity of aquatic macroorganisms. However, erroneous sequences present in HTS data can result in false positive haplotypes; therefore, reliable strategies are necessary to eliminate such erroneous sequences when evaluating intraspecific genetic diversity using eDNA metabarcoding. In this study, we propose an approach combining denoising using amplicon sequence variant (ASV) method and the removal of haplotypes with low detection rates. A mixture of rearing water of Ayu (

タイトル: Communicating risk to tourists: A mental models approach to identifying gaps and misperceptions著者: Aliperti, Giuseppe; Nagai, Hayato; Cruz, Ana Maria抄録: This study compares the perspectives of government agencies, academic experts, and tourism suppliers on providing tourists with tsunami risk information. Previous studies highlight that government agencies are often in charge of developing tourism-oriented risk communication plans; academic experts are recognized as having a more in-depth understanding of the technical aspects of a risk, as well as the hazard development and potential effects; and tourism suppliers play a fundamental role during the risk communication process, due to direct connection with the tourists. However, tourists are often found to be insufficiently informed about risks and warning systems. We use the Mental Models approach, aiming to analyze the communication between the aforementioned categories of stakeholders. We carried out interviews ...

タイトル: Changing Usages of the Auxiliary do as Revealed in the Letters of John Winthrop（1588-1649） and His Male Descendants in the 17th and 18th Centuries著者: Fukunaga, Mariko記述: （Postgraduate, Kyoto University）[fukunaga.mariko.45u@st.kyoto-u.ac.jp]: この情報は2020年『近代英語研究』第36号に発表当時のものである.