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タイトル: 基底関数展開による変位場推定における ボックスカー関数と3次B-スプライン関数の比較著者: 野末, 陽平; 深畑, 幸俊抄録: Present day crustal displacement rates are accurately observed by global navigation satellite system (GNSS). In estimating continuous displacement fields from spatially discrete GNSS data, the method of basis function expansion is a powerful tool. As basis functions, the boxcar function is the easiest to be implemented, while the cubic B-spline function has good nature in estimating continuous and smooth fields. In this study, we quantitatively compare the performance of the boxcars with that of the cubic B-splines, changing the basis-function interval

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タイトル: Verb Prefixes in the Tangut (Xixia) Tiansheng Code: Verbs for ‘Send Document’ and Their Prefixes著者: SATO, Takayasu抄録: The Tiansheng Code is a code of the Xixia Kingdom published in the mid-to-late twelfth century, written in the Tangut language. This code laid down about 1, 400 articles on such matters as punishment and administrative affairs. Many types of verbs and prefixes were used in this code. Nishida Tatsuo suggested based on other Tangut texts that there are two series of prefixes—one that originally functioned as directional markers and then developed to express the perfective aspect (“prefix series 1”), and another (“prefix series 2”) that represents an “optative” meaning. In this paper, I examined the use of prefixes in this code to test his suggestion. First, I researched three articles of this code that regulated the format of official documents sent between government departments. We find three variants of the verb meaning ‘send d ...

タイトル: Directional Prefixes in Tangut and Mu-nya: A Contrastive Study著者: ARAKAWA, Shintaro; IKEDA, Takumi抄録: Tangut is an extinct language spoken during Xixia 西夏 dynasty (AD 1038-1227) by the people who settled in the northwestern part of China. Mu-nya (Muya 木雅) is a language spoken in the Sichuan Province in southwest China. These two languages belong to the Tibeto-Burman language group. Since the Mu-nya people share the same ethnic name with the ancient Tangut people, which corresponds to Minyag in written Tibetan, the relationship between these two languages concerns many scholars. They agree that these two languages share cognates and similar typological constructions, one of which is that both languages use “directional prefixes” in verb predicates. Approximately seven or eight morphemes act as verb prefixes to express different directions of motion or behavior in each language. This paper discusses the similarities and differences in the functions of th ...

タイトル: Directional Prefixes in Mu-nya著者: IKEDA, Takumi抄録: Mu-nya is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken among Tibetan people living around Mt. Minya Konka in Sichuan Province, Southwest China. As Huang (1985) points out in detail, Mu-nya has rich vowel alternation in the verb predicate. Although her description was exhaustive, it was complex. It was thus challenging to grasp the mechanisms behind grammatical operations from her work. Mu-nya discriminates eight kinds of directions through verb prefixes: 1. /tɯ-/ ‘upward’ 2. /nɐ-/ ‘downward’ 3. /ɣɯ-/ ‘towards upstream’ 4. /ɦa-/ ‘towards downstream’ 5. /ngɯ-/ ‘towards the speaker’ 6. /tʰɐ-/ ‘away from the speaker’ 7. /rɯ-/ ‘rounding’ 8. /qʰɯ-/ ‘non-specific’. Some directional prefixes do not express real direction but are fixed combinations with specific verbs, like /qʰɯ³³- ri⁵⁵/ ‘write’, which dose not take other prefixes flexibly. Some vowel changes occurring in direction ...

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