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タイトル: Inhomogeneous Electrostatic Potentials on the Dayside Lunar Surface in the Terrestrial Magnetotail Lobes: The Role of Lunar Crustal Magnetic Fields著者: Kato, Masahisa; Harada, Yuki; Saito, Yoshifumi; Yokota, Shoichiro; Nishino, N. Masaki; Takahashi, Futoshi; Shimizu, Hisayoshi; Xu, Shaosui; Poppe, R. Andrew; Halekas, S. Jasper抄録: Though the Moon does not possess a global magnetic field like the Earth, there are localized crustal magnetic fields on the lunar surface. Because of the plasma interaction with the crustal magnetic fields, electrostatic and electromagnetic environments near magnetized regions can differ from those near non-magnetized regions on the Moon. Previous studies observationally revealed the difference in the electrostatic potential on the lunar surface between magnetized and non-magnetized regions of the Moon in the solar wind, which was attributed to upward electric fields formed by electron-ion decoupling above the magnetic anomaly regions. How ...

タイトル: Catalytic mechanism underlying the regiospecificity of coumarin-substrate transmembrane prenyltransferases in Apiaceae著者: Han, Junwen; Munakata, Ryosuke; Takahashi, Hironobu; Koeduka, Takao; Kubota, Mayumi; Moriyoshi, Eiko; Hehn, Alain; Sugiyama, Akifumi; Yazaki, Kazufumi抄録: Plant membrane-bound prenyltransferases (PTs) catalyze the transfer of prenyl groups to acceptor substrates, phenols, using prenyl diphosphates as the donor substrate. The presence of prenyl residues in the reaction products, prenylated phenols, is key to the expression of a variety of physiological activities. Plant PTs generally exhibit high specificities for both substrate recognition and prenylation sites, while the molecular mechanism involved in these enzymatic properties is largely unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic biochemical analysis to elucidate the catalytic mechanism responsible for the reaction specificity of plant PTs. Using two representative PTs, PsPT₁ and PsP ...

タイトル: Long Plateau Doth So: How Internal Heating Sources Affect Hydrogen-rich Supernova Light Curves著者: Matsumoto, Tatsuya; Metzger, Brian D.; Goldberg, Jared A.抄録: Some hydrogen-rich core-collapse supernovae (SNeIIP) exhibit evidence of a sustained energy source powering their light curves, resulting in a brighter and/or longer-lasting hydrogen recombination plateau phase. We present a semi-analytic SNIIP light-curve model that accounts for the effects of an arbitrary internal heating source, considering as special cases ⁵⁶Ni/⁵⁶Co decay, a central engine (magnetar or accreting compact object), and shock interaction with a dense circumstellar disk. While a sustained internal power source can boost the plateau luminosity commensurate with the magnitude of the power, the duration of the recombination plateau can typically be increased by at most a factor of ∼2–3 compared to the zero-heating case. For a given ejecta mass and initial kinetic energy, the longest ...

タイトル: Generation of Phonons with Out-of-Plane Angular Momentum by Superposition of Longitudinal Surface Acoustic Phonons著者: Taga, K.; Hisatomi, R.; Sasaki, R.; Komiyama, H.; Matsumoto, H.; Narita, H.; Karube, S.; Shiota, Y.; Ono, T.抄録: Circularly polarized phonons carry angular momentum, and surface acoustic waves (SAWs) offer an ideal platform for manipulating the electron spins in magnetic thin films. However, achieving phonons with out-of-plane angular momentum using easily controllable SAWs has been challenging. In this study, we demonstrate a device that superposes two longitudinal leaky SAWs (LL-SAWs) to generate spatially distributed out-of-plane angular momentum in surface acoustic phonons. By using an optical imaging setup, we measure the surface tilt associated with LL-SAWs and confirm the interference pattern resulting from their superposition. This approach to generating phonon angular momentum through superposition enables the creation of spatially distribu ...

タイトル: Relative Risk Aversion and Business Fluctuations著者: Hashimoto, Ken-ichi; Im, Ryonghun; Kunieda, Takuma; Shibata, Akihisa抄録: By applying a simple dynamic general equilibrium model without exogenous shocks inhabited by infinitely lived capitalists and workers, we show that a higher degree of relative risk aversion can destabilize an economy. In traditional real business cycle (RBC) theory, a higher degree of relative risk aversion dampens the amplitude of the consumption fluctuations caused by exogenous shocks through consumption smoothing. However, a higher degree of relative risk aversion combined with a high degree of elasticity of the marginal product of capital can also lead to the emergence of a nonlinear mechanism that causes endogenous business fluctuations. The nontrivial steady state loses stability due to the higher degree of relative risk aversion; thus, endogenous business fluctuations can occur. This result suggests that for a deeper understanding of b ...

タイトル: Colorectal anastomotic leakage after conversion surgery for advanced endometrial cancer treated with lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab: a case report著者: Yamamura, Akitoshi; Hamanishi, Junzo; Yamanoi, Koji; Sunada, Masumi; Taki, Mana; Mizuno, Rin; Okada, Yukiko; Murakami, Ryusuke; Aisu, Yuki; Maekawa, Hisatsugu; Yamaguchi, Ken; Mandai, Masaki抄録: The combination therapy of lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab (LP) is increasingly recognized as an important second-line regimen for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). However, the safety and efficacy of conversion surgery with low anterior rectal resection for unresectable EC following LP therapy is unknown. A 37-year-old woman was referred with unresectable EC with pleural fluid, peritoneal dissemination, and ascites. After the failure of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, she was administered LP as second-line treatment. After 10 treatment cycles, uterine and peritoneal tumors significantly reduced in size, exce ...

タイトル: Neural substrates underlying distinct dual cognitive syndromes in Parkinson's disease著者: Yoshimura, Kenji; Shima, Atsushi; Kambe, Daisuke; Furukawa, Koji; Nishida, Akira; Wada, Ikko; Sakato, Yusuke; Sakamaki-Tsukita, Haruhi; Terada, Yuta; Yamakado, Hodaka; Taruno, Yosuke; Nakanishi, Etsuro; Sawamura, Masanori; Fujimoto, Koji; Fushimi, Yasutaka; Okada, Tomohisa; Nakamoto, Yuji; Hanakawa, Takashi; Takahashi, Ryosuke; Sawamoto, Nobukatsu抄録: Background: A dual-syndrome hypothesis, which states the cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD) are attributable to frontostriatal dopaminergic dysregulation and cortical disturbance-each associated with attention/executive and memory/visuospatial dysfunction, respectively-has been widely accepted. This multisystem contribution also underlies highly heterogeneous progression rate to dementia. Methods: Nondemented PD patients who underwent [¹²³I]N-ω-fluoropropyl-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl) nortropane ([¹²³ ...

タイトル: Adverse effects of graft congestion and ameliorative effects of hepatocyte growth factor after liver transplantation in rats著者: Aoki, Hikaru; Ito, Takashi; Hirata, Masaaki; Okumura, Shinya; Masano, Yuki; Ogawa, Eri; Haga, Hironori; Hatano, Etsuro抄録: Living donor liver transplantation (LT) and deceased donor split-LT often result in congestion within liver grafts. The regenerative process and function of congested areas, especially graft congestion associated with LT, are not well understood. Therefore, we created new rat models with congested areas in partially resected livers and orthotopically transplanted these livers into syngeneic rats to observe liver regeneration and function in congested areas. This study aimed to compare liver regeneration and the function of congested areas after liver resection and LT, and to explore a new approach to ameliorate the adverse effects of graft congestion. Although the congested areas after liver resection regenerated norma ...

President uses new year address to stress support for country’s vulnerable people and reiterate Taiwan stance

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