リンク集 RSS/ATOM 記事

タイトル: Analyzing demand reduction and recovery of major rail stations in Japan during COVID-19 using mobile spatial statistics著者: Dai, Jiannan; Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk; Sun, Wenzhe抄録: Mobile spatial statistics from across Japan are used to analyze the vitality of stations over the COVID period. Time series population information of 500m × 500m meshes that include major stations are extracted. We analyze the demand loss patterns of 69 train stations during the first COVID wave. We firstly discuss the correlation of this data with annual ridership information. We then conduct a clustering analysis of the time series data and distinguish five impact patterns which we try to explain with a multinomial logistic regression. Stations in large cities had higher ridership but were also more affected than smaller cities. We also find that cities with less dense populations and more local population frequenting the station appear to be more robust to the pandemic. Our results can be ...

タイトル: Analysis of the temperature-dependent plastic deformation of single crystals of quinary, quaternary and ternary equiatomic high- and medium-entropy alloys of the Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni system著者: Li, Le; Chen, Zhenghao; Tei, Seiko; Matsuo, Yusuke; Chiba, Ryosuke; Yuge, Koretaka; Inui, Haruyuki; George, Easo P.抄録: Temperature-dependent plastic deformation behaviors of single crystals of quaternary and ternary equiatomic medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) belonging to the Cr-Mn-Fe-Co-Ni system were investigated in compression at temperatures in the range 9 K to 1373 K. Their critical resolved shear stresses (CRSSs) increase with decreasing temperature below room temperature. There is also a dulling of the temperature dependence of CRSS below 77 K due to dislocation inertial effects that we attribute to a decrease in the phonon drag coefficient. These behaviors were compared with those of previously investigated single crystals of the equiatomic Cr-Co-Ni and Cr-Fe-Co-Ni MEAs, and t ...

タイトル: Vaccine-induced reduction of COVID-19 clusters in school settings in Japan during the epidemic wave caused by B.1.1.529 (Omicron) BA.2, 2022著者: Okada, Yuta; Nishiura, Hiroshi抄録: Clusters of COVID-19 in high-risk settings, such as schools, have been deemed a critical driving force of the major epidemic waves at the societal level. In Japan, the vaccination coverage among students remained low up to early 2022, especially for 5-11-year-olds. The vaccination of the student population only started in February 2022. Given this background and considering that vaccine effectiveness against school transmission has not been intensively studied, this paper proposes a mathematical model that links the occurrence of clustering to the case count among populations aged 0-19, 20-59, and 60+ years of age. We first estimated the protected (immune) fraction of each age group either by infection or vaccination and then linked the case count in each age group to the number of cluster ...

タイトル: Blue-yellow combination enhances perceived motion in Rotating Snakes illusion著者: Uesaki, Maiko; Biswas, Arnab; Ashida, Hiroshi; Maus, Gerrit抄録: The Rotating Snakes illusion is a visual illusion where a stationary image elicits a compelling sense of anomalous motion. There have been recurring albeit anecdotal claims that the perception of illusory motion is more salient when the image consists of patterns with the combination of blue and yellow; however, there is limited empirical evidence that supports those claims. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether the Rotating Snakes illusion is more salient in its blue-yellow variation, compared to red-green and greyscale variations when the luminance of corresponding elements within the patterns were equated. Using the cancellation method, we found that the velocity required to establish perceptual stationarity was indeed greater for the stimulus composed of patterns with a blue-yellow combination than the other ...

タイトル: [書評] トニア・キウソプル (2011) 『皇帝か管財人か？ 1453年以前のビザンティウムにおける権力と政治的イデオロギー』ジュネーヴ著者: 石川, 知明

タイトル: エアモルタル充填及び基部巻立てによる大型中空断面RC橋脚模型の正負交番載荷実験による耐震補強効果の検証著者: 後藤, 源太; 飛田, 一彬; 高原, 良太; 植村, 佳大; 高橋, 良和抄録: 中空断面RC橋脚の耐震補強では，軸耐荷力の喪失防止できるようにすることが求められているが，既往研究では，この“軸耐荷力の喪失”に着目した耐震補強工法を検討した事例は少ない．また，現場での施工性や基礎への負担軽減の観点も加えた工法は現状見られない．そこで，本研究では，基部をエアモルタルで充填し，かつ，巻立てた中空断面RC橋脚の耐震補強工法を提案し，大型中空断面RC供試体を用いた正負交番載荷実験により補強効果を検証した．実験の結果，基部をエアモルタルで充填し，かつ，鋼板巻立てすることで，軸沈下が抑制で ...

タイトル: Refining Synthesized Speech Using Speaker Information and Phone Masking for Data Augmentation of Speech Recognition著者: Ueno, Sei; Lee, Akinobu; Kawahara, Tatsuya抄録: While end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) has shown impressive performance, it requires a huge amount of speech and transcription data. The conversion of domain-matched text to speech (TTS) has been investigated as one approach to data augmentation. The quality and diversity of the synthesized speech are critical in this approach. To ensure quality, a neural vocoder is widely used to generate speech waveforms in conventional studies, but it requires a huge amount of computation and another conversion to spectral-domain features such as the log-Mel filterbank (lmfb) output typically used for ASR. In this study, we explore the direct refinement of these features. Unlike conventional speech enhancement, we can use information on the ground-truth phone sequences of the speech and designated speak ...

タイトル: 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科附属放射線生物研究センター年報 2023著者: 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科附属放射線生物研究センター

タイトル: Human gut-associated Bifidobacterium species salvage exogenous indole, a uremic toxin precursor, to synthesize indole-3-lactic acid via tryptophan著者: Yong, Cheng Chung; Sakurai, Takuma; Kaneko, Hiroki; Horigome, Ayako; Mitsuyama, Eri; Nakajima, Aruto; Katoh, Toshihiko; Sakanaka, Mikiyasu; Abe, Takaaki; Xiao, Jin-Zhong; Tanaka, Miyuki; Odamaki, Toshitaka; Katayama, Takane抄録: Indole in the gut is formed from dietary tryptophan by a bacterial tryptophan-indole lyase. Indole not only triggers biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in gut microbes but also contributes to the progression of kidney dysfunction after absorption by the intestine and sulfation in the liver. As tryptophan is an essential amino acid for humans, these events seem inevitable. Despite this, we show in a proof-of-concept study that exogenous indole can be converted to an immunomodulatory tryptophan metabolite, indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), by a previously unknown microbial metabolic pathway th ...

タイトル: The demand potential of shared autonomous vehicles: a large-scale simulation using mobility survey data著者: Iacobucci, Riccardo; Donhauser, Jonas; Schmöcker, Jan-Dirk; Pruckner, Marco抄録: Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAV), or robotaxis, are expected to be commercially available within this decade. This new transport mode has the potential to revolutionize travel, offering a level of service comparable to traditional taxis with much lower prices. This may attract travelers currently using other modes, impacting the economic sustainability of public transport as well as car ownership levels. We investigate this potential demand using a scalable SAV simulation framework. We do not establish a future equilibrium considering the interaction between all users on a detailed road network, but establish the potential demand for a large metropolitan area. Travelers can choose between their current mode and the new SAV mode, with fare and waiting times which depend on real-tim ...