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タイトル: Design and experimental demonstration of photonic-crystal lasers with multijunction active layers著者: Katsuno, Shumpei; Yoshida, Masahiro; Inoue, Takuya; De Zoysa, Menaka; Hatsuda, Ranko; Ishizaki, Kenji; Noda, Susumu抄録: We introduce multijunction active layers, featuring a stack of alternating active layers and tunnel junctions, to photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) to increase their slope efficiency, which is vital for various applications including laser processing and LiDAR. First, we design a multijunction PCSEL that avoids optical absorption in the heavily-doped tunnel junctions while allowing sufficient optical gain and resonance effects in the active and photonic crystal layers. Next, we fabricate a 3-mm-diameter two-junction PCSEL, achieving a slope efficiency of 1.58 W A⁻¹, which is over twice as high as that of conventional single-junction PCSELs, and a record-high peak output power of 1.8 kW for PCSELs.

タイトル: Co-exposure of ferruginous components of subway particles with lipopolysaccharide impairs vascular function: A comparative study with ambient particulate matter著者: Owokoniran, Oluwatoyin Hannah; Honda, Akiko; Ichinose, Takamichi; Ishikawa, Raga; Nagao, Megumi; Miyasaka, Natsuko; Wang, Zaoshi; Takai, Satsuki; Omori, Issei; Zhang, Kerui; Liu, Wei; Higaki, Yuya; Kameda, Takayuki; Matsuda, Tomonari; Fujiwara, Taku; Okuda, Tomoaki; Takano, Hirohisa抄録: Several empirical studies have linked subway and ambient particle exposure to toxicity, pro-inflammatory responses, and vascular dysfunction. However, the health effects of pollutants generated from varying sources, particularly when combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), are still unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic health effects of iron oxide particles (the main components of subway particles) in comparison with urban aerosols (UA) and vehicle exhaust particles (VEP), alo ...

タイトル: Dual inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis exerts a synergistic antitumor effect on colorectal and gastric cancer by creating energy depletion and preventing metabolic switch著者: Aisu, Yuki; Oshima, Nobu; Hyodo, Fuminori; Elsayed Elhelaly, Abdelazim; Masuo, Akihiko; Okada, Tomoaki; Hisamori, Shigeo; Tsunoda, Shigeru; Hida, Koya; Morimoto, Tomonori; Miyoshi, Hiroyuki; M Taketo, Makoto; Matsuo, Masayuki; M Neckers, Leonard; Sakai, Yoshiharu; Obama, Kazutaka抄録: Pyruvate is situated at the intersection of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, which are the primary energy-producing pathways in cells. Cancer therapies targeting these pathways have been previously documented, indicating that inhibiting one pathway may lead to functional compensation by the other, resulting in an insufficient antitumor effect. Thus, effective cancer treatment necessitates concurrent and comprehensive suppression of both. However, whether a metabolic switch bet ...

タイトル: Comparison of global air pollution impacts across horizontal resolutions著者: Jansakoo, Thanapat; Watanabe, Ryouichi; Uetani, Akio; Sekizawa, Satoshi; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Hasegawa, Tomoko; Oshiro, Ken抄録: The impact of ambient air pollution on human health, particularly fine particulate matter (PM[2.5]) and tropospheric ozone (O₃), is a critical global concern. Atmospheric chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely used to predict air pollutant concentrations and assess associated health risks. However, there is a need to better understand how the horizontal resolution of these models influences their accuracy, especially in future assessments. In this study, we compared the performance of global low-resolution CTMs with high-resolution nested simulations for estimating O₃ and PM[2.5] concentrations. The models were validated against observational data to determine their accuracy across different spatial scales and to evaluate their suitability for future scen ...

タイトル: Grain size dependent deformation microstructure evolution and work-hardening in CoCrNi medium entropy alloy著者: Yoshida, Shuhei; Yamashita, Genki; Ikeuchi, Takuto; Bai, Yu; Shibata, Akinobu; Tsuji, Nobuhiro抄録: This study clarified the grain size dependence of the deformation microstructure evolution and work-hardening behavior in CoCrNi medium entropy alloy. We fabricated fully recrystallized specimens with coarse-grained (CG) and ultrafine-grained (UFG) specimens by severe plastic deformation and subsequent annealing processes. Tensile deformation was applied to the specimens at room temperature. The UFG specimen exhibited both high strength and high ductility compared to conventional UFG metals due to the high work-hardening ability. In the CG specimen, three distinct types of deformation microstructures consisting of dislocations and deformation twins developed depending on grain orientations, similar to the single-crystalline specimens. In the UFG specimen, wid ...

タイトル: Hybrid Atom Tweezer Array of Nuclear Spin and Optical Clock Qubits著者: Nakamura, Yuma; Kusano, Toshi; Yokoyama, Rei; Saito, Keito; Higashi, Koichiro; Ozawa, Naoya; Takano, Tetsushi; Takasu, Yosuke; Takahashi, Yoshiro抄録: While data qubits with a long coherence time are essential for the storage of quantum information, ancilla qubits are pivotal in quantum error correction (QEC) for fault-tolerant quantum computing. The recent development of optical tweezer arrays, such as the preparation of large-scale qubit arrays and high-fidelity gate operations, offers the potential for realizing QEC protocols, and one of the important next challenges is to control and detect ancilla qubits while minimizing atom loss and crosstalk. Here, we present the realization of a hybrid system consisting of a dual-isotope ytterbium (Yb) atom array, in which we can utilize a nuclear spin qubit of fermionic ¹⁷¹Yb as a data qubit and an optical clock qubit of bosonic ¹⁷⁴Yb as an anci ...

タイトル: Analysis of plant physiological responses based on leaf color changes through the development and application of a wireless plant sensor著者: Kohzuma, Kaori; Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro抄録: Optical sensing has been used to monitor the physiological responses of plants noninvasively and in real-time. In this study, we developed a low-cost plant sensor that performed a spectroscopic measurement at eight wavelengths in the visible region. The sensor head of the system was attached directly to the underside of the leaf, not blocking the light, and eliminating correction work because of the constant distance between the sensor head and the sample. The collected data was shared in the cloud via a network, thereby enabling remote monitoring. The characteristics of the plant sensor as a spectral photometer were validated, with major wavelengths also showing good correlations with those of a conventional spectrometer. The reflectance of 620 nm in this sensor detected plant aging indi ...

タイトル: EGAP Writing 1: Academic Essays_2025 Edition著者: English Writing-Listening Instructors Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, i-ARRC, Kyoto University

Islamist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham has advanced from its Idlib stronghold in lightning raid on Aleppo

Offensive highlights Bashar al-Assad’s weakness as Israel targets regime supporters Iran and Hizbollah