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by Thomas W. Kirchner, Markus Niehaus, Thomas Debener, Manfred K. Schenk, Marco Herde A protocol for the induction of site-directed deletions and insertions in the genome of Brassica carinata with CRISPR is described. The construct containing the Cas9 nuclease and the guide RNA (gRNA) was delivered by the hairy root transformation technique, and a successful transformation was monitored by GFP fluorescence. PAGE analysis of an amplified region, presumably containing the deletions and insertions, demonstrated up to seven different indels in one transgenic root and in all analyzed roots a wildtype allele of the modified gene was not detectable. Interestingly, many of these mutations consisted of relatively large indels with up to 112 bp. The exact size of the deletions was determined to allow an estimation whether the targeted gene was not functional due to a considerable deletion or a frame shift within the open reading frame. This allowed a direct phenotypic assessment of the previous ...

by Kun Dong, Yunbai Cao, Beatrice Siercke, Matthew Wilber, Scott G. McCalla Most types of crime are known to exhibit seasonal oscillations, yet the annual variations in the amplitude of this seasonality and their causes are still uncertain. Using a large collection of data from the Houston and Los Angeles Metropolitan areas, we extract and study the seasonal variations in aggravated assault, break in and theft from vehicles, burglary, grand theft auto, rape, robbery, theft, and vandalism for many years from the raw daily data. Our approach allows us to see various long term and seasonal trends and aberrations in crime rates that have not been reported before. We then apply an ecologically motivated stochastic differential equation to reproduce the data. Our model relies only on social interaction terms, and not on any exigent factors, to reproduce both the seasonality, and the seasonal aberrations observed in our data set. Furthermore, the stochasticity in the system is sufficient to ...

by Malin Lager, Maximilian Faller, Peter Wilhelmsson, Vivian Kjelland, Åshild Andreassen, Rimtas Dargis, Hanne Quarsten, Ram Dessau, Volker Fingerle, Gabriele Margos, Sølvi Noraas, Katharina Ornstein, Ann-Cathrine Petersson, Andreas Matussek, Per-Eric Lindgren, Anna J. Henningsson Introduction Lyme borreliosis (LB) is the most common tick transmitted disease in Europe. The diagnosis of LB today is based on the patient´s medical history, clinical presentation and laboratory findings. The laboratory diagnostics are mainly based on antibody detection, but in certain conditions molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may serve as a complement. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analytical sensitivity, analytical specificity and concordance of eight different real-time PCR methods at five laboratories in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. Method Each participating laboratory was asked to analyse three different sets of samples (reference panels; all blinded) i) ...

by Davit Hakobyan, Volker Gerke, Andreas Heuer The annexins are a family of Ca 2+ -regulated phospholipid binding proteins that are involved in membrane domain organization and membrane trafficking. Although they are widely studied and crystal structures are available for several soluble annexins their mode of membrane association has never been studied at the molecular level. Here we obtained molecular information on the annexin-membrane interaction that could serve as paradigm for the peripheral membrane association of cytosolic proteins by Molecular Dynamics simulations. We analyzed systems containing the monomeric annexin A2 (AnxA2), a membrane with negatively charged phosphatidylserine (POPS) lipids as well as Ca 2+ ions. On the atomic level we identify the AnxA2 orientations and the respective residues which display the strongest interaction with Ca 2+ ions and the membrane. The simulation results fully agree with earlier experimental findings concerning the positioning of bound ...

by Rolando Torres, Rafael Samudio, Jean-Paul Carrera, Josue Young, Ricardo Márquez, Lisbeth Hurtado, Scott Weaver, Luis Fernando Chaves, Robert Tesh, Lorenzo Cáceres The identification of mosquito vector species present at arboviral enzootic transmission foci is important to understand transmission eco-epidemiology and to propose and implement prevention and control strategies that reduce vector-borne equine encephalitis transmission. The goal of this study was to identify mosquito species potentially involved in the transmission of enzootic equine encephalitis, in relation to their abundance and diversity at three endemic regions in the República de Panamá. We sampled adult mosquitoes during the dry and rainy season of Panamá. We employed CDC light traps with octanol, EV traps with CO 2 and Trinidad 17 traps baited with live hamsters. Traps were deployed in the peridomicile and extradomicile of houses from 18:00 to 6:00 h. We estimated the abundance and diversity of sampled ...

Investors push back on one of year’s largest leveraged buyout financings

Trump looks unlikely to have enough support for much-needed legislative win

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Senators want regulation, not voluntary commitments, following Russian interference

But the UK prime minister failed to define Brexit Britain’s ultimate destination